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Showing posts with label Gynae/obs. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Gynae/obs. Show all posts
Monday, January 2, 2012
Muscles of Perineum/Urogenital region
![[Bulbospongiosus-Male.jpeg]](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTF7aK6j3_7mRI-_Apn6-TnvIwptvW9nsVbT4_hY8Jk0keQs9OjBPf7JzKd0ZAIeJBYIh2tqqdTQ6OhkeV9DMMRChcPx7Bmux4MPVjB7q-473ErH3EoB7ISuiO9H8nNCbkWcx2_jeqISg/s640/Bulbospongiosus-Male.jpeg)
![[Bulbospongiosus-Female.jpeg]](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0r3X8rEupwAP9DJAHIusrBNryiHGuhxHdaPGlXdowlw4tMe0HU3RE5PY9PGRpASOq_QM8DWgxi9-rD23uoWlYvB0zvTtpowcNkUwWbtDesajn6bLt_RHGUWgRlc4OplKrYyCQmfLESOU/s640/Bulbospongiosus-Female.jpeg)
SUPERFICIAL MUSCLES OF PERINEUM :
- 1. Superficial Transverse perinei
- 2. Bulbospongiosus (Bulbocavernosus in older textbooks)
- 3. Ischiocavernosus
DEEP MUSCLES OF PERINEUM :
- 1. Deep Transverse Perinei
- 2. Sphincter urethrae
Posted in: Gynae/obs
Tuesday, December 27, 2011
![[pelvislateral.jpg]](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDAfQzJT0KCq50SAVjl44Cn9EFGGCD3TtYuRqR624Kyab61L9G-hp_Q_u_Q2_c4PT2-IQrNMrpjACcxVXhViRok8ky5t3QD8rXYfDe2jnHs4GMdpVbrtGPJg2cyjuUfoIKg30cnuZ8dKE/s1600/pelvislateral.jpg)
![[pelvisposterior.jpg]](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvwXFoAkLv2E6R9-zbh1SIY3BNxY-EtTV9YFiZv5ZqYnONPUhKL2hAYPDiE3yQF30NiyhXicZl73whpLryGYtoT_Q53qJn8o1kkE93k9_n0N_A1ZGcPNF6Y67w58uOWP3C6oBc8irhyho/s1600/pelvisposterior.jpg)
Uterine artery
- The uterine artery arises from the anterior trunk of the internal iliac artery(hypogastric artery) .
- Its course is at first downwards and forwards until it reaches the parametrium when it turns medially towards the uterus.
- It reaches the uterus at the level of the internal os, where it turns upwards, at right angles, and follows a spiral course along the lateral border of the uterus to the region of the uterine cornu.
- Here it sends a branch to supply the fallopian tube and ends by anastomosing with the ovarian artery.
- The tortuosity is lost when the uterus enlarges during pregnancy.
- During the vertical part of its course it sends branches which run transversely and pass into the myometrium.
These are called the arcuate arteries.
- From these arcuate arteries, a series of radial arteries arise, almost at right angles.
- These radial arteries reach the basal layers of the endometrium, where they are termed as the basal arteries.
- From these are derived the terminal spiral and straight arterioles of the endometrium.
- THE LEAST VASCULAR PART OF THE UTERUS IS THE MIDLINE.
The branches of the uterine artery are :
- Ureteric artery
- Descending vaginal artery- These unite to form the anterior and posterior azygos artery of the vagina. This is of great importance during the Total hysterectomy.
- Circular cervical
- Arcuate -- radial -- basal -- spiral and straight arterioles of the functional layer of the endometrium.Anastomotic branch with the ovarian artery
- The relation of the uterine artery to the ureter is of great importance.
- The uterine artery crosses above the ureter in the parametrium where it gives off an important ureteric branch to that structure.
- The artery runs transversely while the ureter runs approximately anteroposteriorly through the ureteric canal of the parametrium.
The ovarian artery is derived from the AORTA.
Urogenital diaphragm
Most of the support of the perineum is provided by the pelvic and urogenital diaphragms.
The urogenital diaphragm is external to the pelvic diaphragm and includes the triangular area between the ischial tuberosities and the symphysis. The urogenital diaphragm is made up of the deep transverse perineal muscles, the constrictor of the urethra, and the internal and external fascial coverings (perineal membrane).
The urogenital diaphragm is external to the pelvic diaphragm and includes the triangular area between the ischial tuberosities and the symphysis. The urogenital diaphragm is made up of the deep transverse perineal muscles, the constrictor of the urethra, and the internal and external fascial coverings (perineal membrane).
Video:
Perineal body
The perineal body (or central tendon of perineum) is a pyramidal fibromuscular mass in the middle line of the perineum at the junction between the urogenital triangle and the anal triangle . It is found in both males and females. In males, it is found between the bulb of penis and the anus; in females, is found between the vagina and anus, and about 1.25 cm in front of the latter.
The perineal body is essential for the integrity of the pelvic floor, particularly in females. Its rupture during delivery leads to widening of the gap between the anterior free borders of levator ani muscle of both sides, thus predisposing the woman to prolapse of the uterus, rectum, or even the urinary bladder.
At this point, the following muscles converge and are attached:
The perineal body is essential for the integrity of the pelvic floor, particularly in females. Its rupture during delivery leads to widening of the gap between the anterior free borders of levator ani muscle of both sides, thus predisposing the woman to prolapse of the uterus, rectum, or even the urinary bladder.
At this point, the following muscles converge and are attached:
- External anal sphincter
- Fibers from external urinary sphincter
- Superficial transverse perineal muscle
- Deep transverse perineal muscle
- Anterior fibers of the levator ani
- Bulbospongiosus
Breast - lymphatic drainage
The lymphatic and venous drainages of the breast are of great importance in the spread of carcinoma.
About three quarters of the lymphatic drainage is to the axillary nodes:
- Lymphatics pass around the edge of the pectoralis major and reach the pectoral group of axillary nodes;
- Routes through or between the pectoral muscles may lead directly to the apical nodes of the axilla;
- Lymphatics follow the blood vessels through the pectoralis major and enter the parasternal (internal thoracic) nodes;
- Connections may lead across the median plane and hence to the contralateral breast;
- Lymphatics may reach the sheath of the rectus abdominis and the subperitoneal and subhepatic plexuses.
Video:
Details:
A lymphatic drainage massage is a type of full body massage that helps to unblock and drain the lymphatic system. These techniques can boost the immune system, reduce toxins, and help prevent breast cancer and other ailment. This type of massage can be done as part of a spa treatment or at home using some basic oil.
These videos are going into detail instructions on how Lymph massage works.
Athena is a Cranio Sacral Therapists, a Licensed Massage Therapist and Lymphatic Drainage Therapists.
It should be noted that free communication exists between nodes below and above the clavicle and between the axillary and cervical nodes.
