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Showing posts with label Gynae/obs. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Gynae/obs. Show all posts

Tuesday, November 20, 2012

Tuesday, January 3, 2012

Breast - lymphatic drainage

[lymp_drainage_breast.gif]

The lymphatic and venous drainages of the breast are of great importance in the spread of carcinoma

About three quarters of the lymphatic drainage is to the axillary nodes: 
 
  • (1) Lymphatics pass around the edge of the pectoralis major and reach the pectoral group of axillary nodes; 
  • (2) routes through or between the pectoral muscles may lead directly to the apical nodes of the axilla; 
  • (3) lymphatics follow the blood vessels through the pectoralis major and enter the parasternal (internal thoracic) nodes; 
  • (4) connections may lead across the median plane and hence to the contralateral breast; 
  • (5) lymphatics may reach the sheath of the rectus abdominis and the subperitoneal and subhepatic plexuses.

It should be noted that free communication exists between nodes below and above the clavicle and between the axillary and cervical nodes.

Acute salpingitis

https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgn9mG06ZH2y6JkFp-RTR4VWse4IH-NixOaKmtm5OfeFVi7RLOVWTRQlrXnMDPyn_wsnOCKSaGIj1Hk6mHbUUNdsC06vXbOboz7F6jY40xP5UMnGUlGcGyhGuee6ryahUFGl9-NHnah9rXg/s1600/acute+salpingitis.png

Anteroposterior diameters

https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg512w_LrtXvG6lZsscIPkd1nJj_XmRfH-0yjqRpQpnax7uo0VMrTd8h-vPvjHr2VjxOj9bgo317cPAOAT0PaREYFpjijxCSzsX3Ggy1CgLMUps93H-oA5fqNCbMEb6aEneJYwWf5N9qZ_B/s1600/anteroposterior+diameters.jpg

Blastocyst

https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidr4OfLIpkSMN97czVobB3SiCFLItTGuhgKXEMpTeQblHF8gPFc-vmBsLi38TNpD5Q99_3q3WoT4JemHNTpvnchZWkl-0c2ZX_3bUZbHeZFHprqEkky8mKHIg-r1pYh93wq1K39sVFuvDB/s1600/Blastocyst.jpg

Burn Marshall's technique

https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsmA3VHmPTAuovh5qh_P5GCo5lgUZYubShvfTn675Flnmc0GrsCjtGr627IBBYMFx96BHVWQVLaARCC0zh1TFgONN7Gmqfg2lJWHMQTI2Wsvs30FF84Y_BCIK040EZ9fxhwDE16V_QhIul/s1600/Burn+Marshall%2527s+technique.jpg

Biparietal diameter in USG

https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmBgnH-M0xZ0VtpPEN60gm9Q4ML3sZIfNxRuXI9iB40qGs5c652swzuBC_xOpAvNin3L7PTbUVkdA04APEtTwhiKCeb66jBbNRE0z9mUh8X9ieTJ6jBE6CLmOjEy-Zjm9QSParHLCOkS7X/s1600/BPD.jpg

Choriocarcinoma

https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjF22oddPFKAaCcJ1D_rcqhOSSjUFh6J3h42PSs44m7fDLBXQ6IguPBS0PzP_eWy5Xz1jf5TZhBHF60mfO9p6VXJXWE0NIyWK_pSvoD7Bw5zyc_U-sDjDo_1Uhy_D5IGSJsUHUzax7kJy0a/s1600/choriocarcinoma.jpg

Endometrioid adenocarcinoma

https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOBd4TBUP4aFH99i4h0ngt-T-G5CLp0r3mFsZOLxYBtzsRqtVdyY-gOjSYaNtfXG8674UUwZT2_xXytmGgQzsuZzExYKYKhIF6qwku-UUfRXnh8zK3d_MNeQa8qpj9WeCOMssLDzVbmNc7/s1600/endometrioid+adenocarcinoma.jpg

Endometrioid carcinoma

https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGNYgGaZkGohl71s2m_PFtvVsXQdqeolipvgpGOuS8FcIP_eqUcLoszqyzijOrQVgjp9h7ueeRA2ZSxT8Pq2eaqawRm96eAlr-3xe4eYpqbhrYGhOtDPdx5CBGe_rjhb9ue24kq-E2NSR1/s1600/endometrioid+carcinoma.jpg

Endometriosis

https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEio19iOkQHsfUp0EMaKQiPLofOU5JwpLdLqWxHVG5vfjwARDDvfrYMufvOowoKSmQ2KFQr4C-xLdVzCuLliIMr23r-vRMUbup0_GK8tNw1bLJevs7h4YYCwhdat-VJBama6pJggCmTS0-Zu/s1600/endometriosis.jpg

Conjoined twins

https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVEsrqLN9nAAYivOtwl4mNswiqcoDLq9c0vCSWJNoiMuqL_XBZIGaiYny-1exgx6hAzVfKDSZqtSdiYotQHz9YgFJaKeW251-jc-NEHjyAayY8c7z7wkUiJ_bIdlNjqFYYqg-NgNDPnB8Q/s1600/conjoined+twins.png

Dichorionic diamniotic

https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8f0lIcjEMhCQWvmdMbbKecg5hWvIwkgqBXk13D28pu3U3i5Zd-hsl_ZLq_aoKBrUZHtfiw4gsByxFfhvgfGJFobC7zP7PCfrN0MeuI39Y2JGRaKw7l8iV-dG63qrzX9r_sq4yUE_ORVWP/s1600/Dichorionic+diamniotic.png

Extended breech

https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgD_criy97qB7szAlchvGO_JaQRyz9FxLz8l1Ftab7mrJGfTtNHvZzqdQHN3R2jg0r7JN_YsDdtNDmp-6oKr3a4fO9b1CsmC3ERiBodevLLUt3tbCoN1Mm66jGws3CLYI229c-gvXu0UA7O/s1600/extended+breech.jpg

Endopelvic fascia

https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIgSFDpfmhjKTuUkTEBp5urMYfWqv1uQCZpcVDbeRPKEitqVkg0t4DzVY7TNhfiU4fB8qoVbSfD0-vqeFf8WAZJeXc3f_s9a7zfSkeg13pV4SGwKeB6Lw0urFpP-y_0t9813CNmexVF8Hi/s1600/endopelvic+fascia.jpg

FL in USG

https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-ZN9pnKobef871kuFGn1S-RHVd3i6_SeR7jz0goPoi0Ww0B3TrZ0XuYShu-IwOEWICJlNV_vKKOKt7OySvgAjKLFnHxiZCVaWTFGroQ4ihPEp34soAHfdxvgNJvSSBUYAw__SS0q3VkSO/s1600/FL.jpg

Flexed breech

https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhibUC4ZQmHAmf7CLKC1D8FuRyqVBMN1drfhA1YtoYGHT2e6fxudI_bcLWQleSAMbjR9bTiR1rV4GOfHohhQQtJ8kwSc8z-ReS-EZ4dvUTX7oRo6SdQJ1AcTQg6bf0WgwvbDrSwsp1fH4Ab/s1600/flexed+breech.jpg

 
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