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Showing posts with label Anatomy. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Anatomy. Show all posts
Tuesday, November 20, 2012
Tuesday, December 27, 2011
Triangle of Auscultation
The triangle of ausculation of the lungs is situated posterior and superficial to the scapula.
It has the following boundaries:
Superiorly, by the Trapezius
Inferiorly, by the Latissimus dorsi
Laterally by the medial margin of the scapula
The floor is partly formed by the Rhomboideus major and parts of 6th and 7th ribs.
The triangle of auscultation is a space on the back where the relatively thin musculature allows for respiratory sounds to be heard more clearly with a stethoscope.
To better expose the floor of the triangle, which is made up of the posterior thoracic wall in the 6th intercostal space, the patient is asked to fold their arms across their chest, medially rotating the scapulae, while bending forward at the tru...
Posted in: Anatomy
FEMORAL TRIANGLE
BOUNDARIES OF FEMORAL CANAL : Bounded by: (superiorly) the inguinal ligament
(medially) the medial border of the adductor longus muscle
(laterally) medial border of the sartorius muscle
Its floor is provided laterally by iliopsoas, medially by pectineus and adductor longus. Its roof is formed by the fascia lata.
The femoral triangle is shaped like the sail of a ship.
Its boundaries can be remembered using the mnemonic, "SAIL" for Sartorius, Adductor longus and Inguinal Ligament.
CONTENTS : It is important as a number of vital structures pass through it, right under the skin. The following structures are contained within the femoral triangle (from lateral to medial): terminal...
Posted in: Anatomy
Coronary arteries and Coronary veins
The coronary arteries and the veins that drain into the coronary sinus. The posterior interventricular branch (PIV), although usually a branch of the right coronary artery (RC), may arise from the circumflex branch (C) of the left coronary artery (inset). In B, the left marginal vein can be seen ascending to join the great cardiac vein. The posterior vein of the left ventricle ascends and the oblique vein of the left atrium descends to end in the coronary sinus.
AIV, anterior interventricular branch; C, circumflex branch; GC, great cardiac vein; LC, left coronary artery; MC, middle cardiac vein; PIV, posterior interventricular branch; Re, right coronary artery; S.-A, branch to sinuatrial node; SC, small cardiac vein....
Posted in: Anatomy
Anatomical Snuff Box
Anatomical snuff box is a triangular depression on the lateral aspect of wrist immediately distal to the radial styloid process, that becomes prominent when thumb is fully extended.
The Contents of anatomical snuff box are :
- Cephalic vein
- Radial artery
- Superficial radial nerve
Floor of the anatomical snuff box is formed by :
- Radial styloid
- Scaphoid (smooth convex articular surface)
- Trapezium
- Base of First metacarpal
BOUNDARIES OF ANATOMICAL SNUFF BOX :
Lateral/Anterior wall
Abductor Pollicis Longus (Radially)
Extensor Pollicis Brevis (Medially)
Medial/Posterior wall
Extensor Pollicis Long...
Posted in: Anatomy
Medial and Lateral Menisci of Knee joint
The menisci of the knee joint are two pads of cartilaginous tissue which serve to disperse friction in the knee joint between the lower leg (tibia) and the thigh (femur). They are shaped concave on the top and flat on the bottom, articulating with the tibia. They are attached to the small depressions (fossae) between the condyles of the tibia (intercondyloid fossa), and towards the center they are unattached and their shape narrows to a thin shelf.
Both are cartilaginous tissues that provide structural integrity to the knee when it undergoes tension and torsion. The menisci are also known as 'semi-lunar' cartilages — referring to their half-moon "C" shape — a term which has been largely dropped by the medical profession, but...
Posted in: Anatomy
Lymph nodes of Neck
The lymph nodes of the neck can be divided into six levels within the defined anatomic triangles. These groups and the areas that they drain are particularly important when locating and working up a "neck mass" or possible malignancy.The groups and drainage areas are as follows: I--Submental and submandibular nodes II--Upper jugulodigastric group III--Middle jugular nodes (draining the nasopharynx and oropharynx, oral cavity, hypopharynx, larynx. IV--Inferior jugular nodes draining the hypopharynx, subglottic larynx, thyroid, and esophagus. V-- Posterior triangle group VI--Anterior compartment gr...
Adductor canal (Subsartorial/Hunter's canal)
The adductor canal (Subsartorial/Hunter’s canal) is an aponeurotic tunnel in the middle third of the thigh, extending from the apex of the femoral triangle to the opening in the Adductor magnus, the Adductor hiatus.
It courses between the anterior compartment of thigh and the medial compartment of thigh, and has the following boundaries:
Anterolaterally - the Vastus medialis.
Posterior - the Adductor longus. It is covered in by a strong aponeurosis which extends from the Vastus medialis, across the femoral vessels to the Adductor longus and magnus.
Lying on the aponeurosis is the Sartorius muscle.
The canal contains the femoral artery, femoral vein, and branches of the femoral nerve (specifically, the saphenous nerve, and the nerve...
Posted in: Anatomy
Uterine artery
The uterine artery arises from the anterior trunk of the internal iliac artery(hypogastric artery) .
Its course is at first downwards and forwards until it reaches the parametrium when it turns medially towards the uterus.
It reaches the uterus at the level of the internal os, where it turns upwards, at right angles, and follows a spiral course along the lateral border of the uterus to the region of the uterine cornu.
Here it sends a branch to supply the fallopian tube and ends by anastomosing with the ovarian artery.
The tortuosity is lost when the uterus enlarges during pregnancy.
During the vertical part of its course it sends branches which run transversely and pass into the myometrium.
These are called the arcuate arteries.
...
Pelvic diaphragm
The pelvic floor or pelvic diaphragm is composed of muscle fibers of the levator ani, the coccygeus(ishciococcygeus), and associated connective tissue which span the area underneath the pelvis. The pelvic diaphragm is a muscular partition formed by the levatores ani and coccygei, with which may be included the parietal pelvic fascia on their upper and lower aspects. The pelvic floor separates the pelvic cavity above from the perineal region (including perineum) below.
The right and left levator ani lie almost horizontally in the floor of the pelvis, separated by a narrow gap that transmits the urethra, vagina, and anal canal. The levator ani is usually considered in three parts: pubococcygeus, puborectalis, and iliococcygeus....
Posted in: Anatomy
Urogenital diaphragm
Most of the support of the perineum is provided by the pelvic and urogenital diaphragms.
The urogenital diaphragm is external to the pelvic diaphragm and includes the triangular area between the ischial tuberosities and the symphysis. The urogenital diaphragm is made up of the deep transverse perineal muscles, the constrictor of the urethra, and the internal and external fascial coverings (perineal membrane).
Video:...
Perineal body
The perineal body (or central tendon of perineum) is a pyramidal fibromuscular mass in the middle line of the perineum at the junction between the urogenital triangle and the anal triangle . It is found in both males and females. In males, it is found between the bulb of penis and the anus; in females, is found between the vagina and anus, and about 1.25 cm in front of the latter.
The perineal body is essential for the integrity of the pelvic floor, particularly in females. Its rupture during delivery leads to widening of the gap between the anterior free borders of levator ani muscle of both sides, thus predisposing the woman to prolapse of the uterus, rectum, or even the urinary bladder.
At this point, the following muscles converge...
Muscles of Perineum/Urogenital region
SUPERFICIAL MUSCLES OF PERINEUM :
Superficial Transverse perinei
Bulbospongiosus (Bulbocavernosus in older textbooks)
Ischiocavernosus
DEEP MUSCLES OF PERINEUM :
Deep Transverse Perinei
Sphincter urethrae...
Posted in: Anatomy
Skull Foramina
1. Anterior Palatine Foramen
2. Palatine Process of Maxilla
3. Palatine
4. Greater Palatine Foramen
5. Lesser Palatine Foramen
6. Pterygoid Processes of Sphenoid
7. Zygomatic Process
8. Squamous Part of Temporal Bone
9. Mandibular Fossa
10. Styloid Process
11. Stylomastoid Foramen
12. Mastoid Process
13. Mastoid Foramen
14. Superior Nuchal Line
15. External Occipital Protruberance
16. Median Nuchal Line
17. Inferior Nuchal Line
18. Foramen Magnum
19. Condyloid Canal
20. Occipital Condyle
21. Hypoglossal Canal
22. Jugular Foramen
23. Carotid Canal
24. Foramen Spinosum
25. Foramen Ovale
26. Foramen Lacerum
27. Vomer
28. Transverse Palatine Suture
29. Median Palatine Sut...
Posted in: Anatomy
Musculocutaneous nerve
PATH OF THE NERVE :
The musculocutaneous nerve arises from the lateral cord of the brachial plexus, opposite the lower border of the Pectoralis minor, its fibers being derived from C5, C6, C7.
It penetrates the Coracobrachialis muscle and passes obliquely between the Biceps brachii and the Brachialis, to the lateral side of the arm; a little above the elbow it pierces the deep fascia lateral to the tendon of the Biceps brachii and is continued into the forearm as the lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve.
In its course through the arm it innervates the Coracobrachialis, Biceps brachii, and the greater part of the Brachialis.
The branch to the Coracobrachialis is given off from the nerve close to its origin, and in some instances...
Posted in: Anatomy
